11 results
Infective endocarditis - etiology and sources of infection. 
 • Native and prosthetic 
valve endocarditis
 •
Infective endocarditis ... • Native and ... prosthetic valve endocarditis ... #Sources #Causes ... #Differential #Microbiology
Causes of blood culture negative infective endocarditis

Bartonella spp, Brucella spp, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia spp, Tropheryma whipplei,
culture negative ... infective endocarditis ... #culture #negative ... #Endocarditis # ... InfectiousDiseases #Microbiology
Streptocccus Pneumoniae
Microbiology: Gram Positive, Alpha-hemolytic, Catalase Negative
Epidemiology - 10% adult carriers:
 • Most common cause of:
Streptocccus Pneumoniae Microbiology ... Alpha-hemolytic, Catalase Negative ... • Most common cause ... media • Important cause ... peritonitis, and endocarditis
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
serology: Serial negative ... Frequent false-negative ... in up to 30% of cases ... #comparison #infective ... Marantic #diagnosis #table
A toxidrome is a syndrome (set of symptoms) caused by specific medications or toxins.

There are 5
set of symptoms) caused ... methylphenidate (Ritalin) - Sedative-Hypnotic ... Toxicology #Toxidromes #Comparison ... #Table #Anticholinergics
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Hypercoagulable (APLAS) Microbiology ... positive in 90% of IE cases ... • Coagulase-negative ... Septic Emboli Cause ... Treat underlying cause
Important Fungal Stains
Mycology Lab:
 • Calcofluor white - Fluorochrome that binds glucans and chitin in fungal
• India ink - "Negative ... Fungal #Stains #microbiology ... fungi #fungus #comparison ... #table
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
Hypercoagulable (APLAS) Microbiology ... aureus, Coagulase-negative ... staphylococci Culture Negative ... Septic emboli cause ... Treat underlying cause
Drug Induced Lupus vs SLE
Drug Induced Lupus (DIL):
 • Epidemiology: -10% of all lupus cases, drug-dependent,
10% of all lupus cases ... Discontinuation of causal ... pANCA anti-MPO - Negative ... druginduced #lupus #sle #comparison ... #table #rheumatology
Pyogenic liver abscess in children
Common bacterial causes in children:
 • S.aureus
 • Strep spp
 • Enteric
Common bacterial causes ... • Enteric gram negative ... from contiguous focus ... artery (e.g., endocarditis