13 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... Bone/joint pain Psychiatric ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #PTH #Primary # ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
Growth Hormone (GH ... activates lipolysis Signs ... /Symptoms: • GH ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
share the same pathophysiology ... GH excess prior ... Overproduction #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Acromegaly - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook 

Clinical Presentation: 
 • Classic Acromegaly: frontal
Usually presents ~5th ... malignancy Pathophysiology ... • GH stimulates ... Diagnosis #Management #Endocrinology ... #Treatment #Pathophysiology
Calcium homeostasis is a process controlled by chiefly by hormones vitamin D and PTH. 
Vitamin D
vitamin D and PTH ... regulated by classical negative ... PTH acts to increase ... #Pathophysiology ... #Endocrinology
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Pathophysiology ... - Type II DM pts ... insulin demand Relative ... #dka #hhs #pathophysiology ... #comparison #endocrinology
Schizophrenia: Pathogenesis and Symptoms
Increased dopaminergic transmission in mesolimbic projection
-> Dopaminergic neurons here project into the limbic
thought to cause Negative ... Schizophrenia #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs ... #psychiatry #positive ... #negative
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
following order; GH ... Signs / Symptoms ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) - Pathophysiology 
Excessive fear of one or more social situations
 • Safety
Disorder (SAD) - Pathophysiology ... : negative self ... BehavioralDisorder #SAD #Pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs ... #psychiatry
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
patients with a negative ... hypertension and signs ... renal bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... apnea: CPAP, most pts