12 results
Diagnosis of ascites according to the serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)
SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 - Ascitic protein
Diagnosis of ascites ... protein ≤ 2.5 g/dL: Cirrhosis ... syndrome, Massive liver ... albumin #gradient #hepatology ... #differential #
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Abnormal Liver Function ... Tests - Differential ... Wilsons, Pregnancy - AFLP ... Congenital, Others, Cirrhosis ... #hepatology #LiverFunctionTests
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
of Pregnancy (AFLP ... (DIC, ascites, jaundice ... infiltration) Differential ... Diagnosis: Viral ... Pregnancy #hepatology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
Symptoms: Fatigue, Pruritus, Right upper quadrant discomfort
Signs: Jaundice, Xanthelasmata, Hepatomegaly
Associated history:
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ... discomfort Signs: Jaundice ... Elevated ALP 2. ... Liver biopsy findings ... #hepatology
Causes of Ascites
Normal Peritoneum
Portal hypertension (SAAG > 1.1 g/dL)
  1. Hepatic congestionl
Liver disease ... - Cirrhosis ... Ascites #Causes #diagnosis ... #differential # ... hepatology #SAAG
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
Liver Chemistries ... hepatitis: < 1 • Cirrhosis ... #chemistry #diagnosis ... #differential # ... Hepatology #transaminitis
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Elevated Liver Enzymes ... - Differential ... • Pregnancy - AFLP ... Infiltrative • Cirrhosis ... Others #LFTs #Hepatology
Portal Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis
Portal Pressure = the pressure difference between the pressure in the portal
Hypertension - Differential ... Diagnosis Portal ... HTN: ascites (SAAG ... #Diagnosis #causes ... #hepatology
Liver Disease in Pregnancy
Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP)
 • Onset/Trimester: 25-32 weeks
 • Typical clinical features:
Pruritus, Mild jaundice ... Disease #Pregnancy #hepatology ... hepatitis #comparison #differential ... #diagnosis #icp ... #HELLP #AFLP
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
/Liver failure ... hyperpigmentation • Jaundice ... obstruction • ALP ... bile ducts Differential ... #workup #hepatology