113 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... retinal ischemia causes ... easilyfriable neovascularization ... and/or retina -> Neovascularization ... #Diabetes #ophthalmology
Diabetes – diabetic nephropathy
Majority of the literature in the area is applied to the diabetic nephropathy
Diabetesdiabetic ... applied to the diabetic ... be the primary cause ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology ... #CKD #Diabetic
Treatment of hyperkalemia via kaliuresis 
step 1 = volume resuscitation if hypovolemic
step 2 = consider fludrocortisone
step
Treatment of hyperkalemia ... fludrocortisone step 3 = diuretic ... determine response to diuretic ... #criticalcare #treatment ... diuretics #diuresis #nephrology
Causes of Peripheral Weakness with Sensory Changes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radiculopathy:
 • Disc
 • Spondylosis
 •
Causes of Peripheral ... Dependent): • Diabetes ... Vasculitis • Diabetes ... Weakness #Sensory #Neurology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hypermagnesemia
Increased magnesium load
 - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas
 - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
Causes of Hypermagnesemia ... or enemas - Treatment ... neonates) - Diabetic ... Hypermagnesemia #Causes
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... diuresis • Central diabetes ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Metformin Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3A, 3B, or
Metformin Treatment ... Patients With Type 2 Diabetes ... 3A, 3B, or 4 Diabetes ... VisualAbstract #Nephrology
Chronic Vision Loss by Anatomic Location - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cornea:
 • Keratoconus
 • Stromal Scaring
 •
Stromal Scaring • Neovascularization ... Macular Edema: • Diabetic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... diagnosis #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Prolonged Emergence - Anesthesiology

Prolonged Drug Action:
• Overdose 
• Hypothermia (< 33 C) 
• Incr
Causes of Prolonged ... Metabolic Causes ... hyperglycemia • HONK / diabetic ... • Alcohol Neurologic ... Anesthesiology #Causes