12 results
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA): refers to a group of conditions all of which cause the same
conditions all of which cause ... a normal anion gap ... different types/causes ... Diagnosis #IM #Nephro ... RenalTubularAcidosis #Features #Table
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Differential Diagnosis ... symptoms (HA, nausea ... Diagnosis #EM #IM #Nephro ... Pseudohyponatremia #Differential ... #Algorithm #Ddxof
Hypoalbuminemia and hypophosphatemia can mask an anion gap (particularly, low albumin states usually underestimate the anion
mask an anion gap ... the normal anion gap ... #Diagnosis #Nephro ... #LowAnionGap #Differential ... #Curbsiders #Causes
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Segments of the Nephron ... organic acids and bases ... vasopressin control #Nephron ... Segments #Function #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm ... Helbert Rondon, MD @NephroMD ... hyponatremia #diagnosis #differential ... #algorithm #causes
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Algorithm - Approach ... to the differential ... Nephrocalcinosis causes ... nephron loss, causing ... #Algorithm #differential
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Causes of High-anion ... and chronic) Causes ... Generalized distal nephron ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
RPGN has three primary pathophysiologic causes differentiated by immunofluorescence

Immune Complex Mediated (granular staining):
three primary pathophysiologic ... causes differentiated ... P-ANCA): eGPA, MPA ... Glomerulonephritis #Vasculitis #differential ... #diagnosis #algorithm
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypochloremia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Pathophysiology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Reduced Excretion - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... through distal nephron ... #Causes