33 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Urinary Chloride ... Vomiting/nasogastric suction ... blood pressure: Active ... #causes #urinary
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Segments of the Nephron ... and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... #Segments #Function ... #Pathophysiology
Pruritus - Generalized Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Systemic and Primary Causes
== Primary Skin Lesions ==
Macules /
- Systemic and Primary ... Causes == Primary ... Urticaria == No Primary ... Mellitus Liver Function ... #Pruritus #primary
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Increased Urinary ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vasopressin-independent - Consider: Primary ... Helbert Rondon, MD @NephroMD ... #differential #algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Ileostomy - NGT suction ... transport, renal function ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Pathophysiology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vomiting, NGT suction ... Liddle syndrome #Primary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vomiting, NGT suction ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Causes
Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm - Evaluation of HPA Axis Response to ACTH

Early am cortisol < 3
diagnostic of primary ... unclear (often the case ... normal adrenal function ... suggests EITHER primary ... ACTH: - High = primary
TOPCAT - Spironolactone for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

N Engl J Med 2014; 370:1383-1392 https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1313731

CONCLUSIONS:
Preserved Ejection Fraction ... preserved ejection fraction ... incidence of the primary ... cardiovascular causes