11 results
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Segments of the Nephron ... and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... acid and most diuretics ... #Pathophysiology
SGLT2 Inhibitors 
SGLT2 inhibitors are the newest class of anti-diabetic medications, with the first one (Canagliflozin)
class of anti-diabetic ... reabsorption in the nephron ... kidney), which causes ... are similar to diuretics ... have good kidney function
Hyperglycemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Diabetes Mellitus:
 • Impaired Glucose Tolerance
 • Type I Diabetes
 • Type
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Corticosteroids • Thiazide diuretics ... agonists • Others Critical ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... endocrinology #causes
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinical Pearls ... Dislocation • Functional ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Definition: • Functional ... Pathophysiology: ... • Tubular function ... Diagnosis (Clinical ... Exclude other AKI causes
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... RENAL LOSS: - Diuresis ... transport, renal function ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Pathophysiology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... Vomiting/nasogastric suction ... metabolic acidosis: Diabetic ... #causes #urinary
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... Pathogenesis and Clinical ... lost via osmotic diuresis ... has good renal function ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology
Diabetic Foot: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Polyol Pathway - Excess glucose enters Polyol pathway ->
Diabetic Foot: Pathogenesis ... and clinical findings ... essential for cell function ... Glycosylation - AGE cause ... #DiabeticFoot #pathophysiology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... metabolic acidosis • Diabetic ... the indicated causes