19 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Vomiting, NGT suction ... Diuretics (late ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... Liddle syndrome #Primary
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Vomiting, NGT suction ... Diuretics (late ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... #Nephrology #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Urinary Chloride ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... - Normal/low ... #causes #urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Increased Urinary ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... secreting tumor, Primary ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vasopressin-independent - Consider: Primary ... polydipsia, Low ... Helbert Rondon, MD @NephroMD ... #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... consumption • Low ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... R - Primary aldosteronism ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes
Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm - Evaluation of HPA Axis Response to ACTH

Early am cortisol < 3
diagnostic of primary ... normal adrenal function ... suggests EITHER primary ... ACTH: - High = primary ... AI - Low = secondary
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Intake: • Low ... RENAL LOSS: - Diuresis ... transport, renal function ... #Pathophysiology