10 results
SGLT2 Inhibitors 
SGLT2 inhibitors are the newest class of anti-diabetic medications, with the first one (Canagliflozin)
class of anti-diabetic ... reabsorption in the nephron ... are similar to diuretics ... have good kidney function ... #Medications #DM2
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Segments of the Nephron ... and their Functions ... acid and most diuretics ... #Segments #Function ... #Pathophysiology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... Vomiting/nasogastric suction ... pressure: Active diuretic ... metabolic acidosis: Diabetic
Stages in the development of HF and recommended therapy by stage. ACEI indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor;
resynchronization therapy; DM ... , diabetes mellitus ... ; EF, ejection fraction ... reduced ejection fraction ... Stages #ACCAHA #Algorithm
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... RENAL LOSS: - Diuresis ... transport, renal function ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Pathophysiology
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Decreased kidney function ... 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 ... Proteinuria) • Diabetes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... lost via osmotic diuresis ... has good renal function ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... endocrinology #diabetes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... Vomiting/nasogastric suction ... pressure: Active diuretic ... metabolic acidosis • Diabetic
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
Assess functional ... Insulin dependent DM ... Functional status ... event, follow ACC algorithm ... Diabetes regimen
Management of Anthracyclines and HER2 Antagonist Cardiotoxicity
Anthracyclines cause cardiomyopathy:
 ✖ Reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction
ventricular ejection fraction ... doxorubicin 150 mg/m2 ... , 350 mg/m2, and ... antagonist (MRA) plus diuretic ... hypertension, diabetes