13 results
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Segments of the Nephron ... and their Functions ... acid and most diuretics ... #Segments #Function ... #Pathophysiology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Intake: • Low ... RENAL LOSS: - Diuresis ... transport, renal function ... Gastrointestinal function ... #Pathophysiology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
loss if renal function ... is normal NEPHKIDS ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... nephrology #magnesium #low
SGLT2 Inhibitors 
SGLT2 inhibitors are the newest class of anti-diabetic medications, with the first one (Canagliflozin)
reabsorption in the nephron ... kidney), which causes ... are similar to diuretics ... have good kidney function ... Each is available
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
in DKA, body K+ is ... lost via osmotic diuresis ... out of cells may cause ... has good renal function ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology
Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm - Evaluation of HPA Axis Response to ACTH

Early am cortisol < 3
Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm ... unclear (often the case ... normal adrenal function ... primary AI - Low ... Insufficiency #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Hypophosphatasia Is ... Most cases diagnosed ... severe mobility/functional ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... Phosphatase: • Other causes
Mechanical Bowel Obstruction and Ileus - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Ileus: Functional bowel "blockage", no peristalsis
Mechanical Obstruction:
Findings Ileus: Functional ... pain • Flat/low ... ileus) • Abdomen is ... percussion • Nausea ... obstruction #sbo #ileus #pathophysiology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... pressure: Active diuretic ... the indicated causes
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
mental status and low ... hemodynamics and cardiac function ... excreted using diuretics ... the determined cause ... #differential #algorithm