30 results
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
• Mutism Pathophysiology ... • Corneal reflex ... • Gag reflex ... • Cough reflex ... Casey Albin MD @
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications

 - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
arteriole in the nephron ... tubule in the nephron ... blood into the nephron ... Release of purine bases ... Hyperuricemia #Pathophysiology
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Segments of the Nephron ... organic acids and bases ... vasopressin control #Nephron ... Segments #Function #Pathophysiology
Functional Dyspepsia - Signs, Symptoms and Pathophysiology
Delayed gastric emptying - Postprandial fullness, nausea, vomiting
Hypersensitivity to gastric
, Symptoms and Pathophysiology ... hypersensitivity - Nausea ... hypersensitivity - Nausea ... Atypical nonerosive reflux ... Functional #Dyspepsia #Pathophysiology
Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) lesions are lesions occurring anywhere in the CNS from the brain up
neurotransmitter cause ... & LMN lesions cause ... This lesion causes ... positive Babinski reflex ... type of lesion causes
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
and lower motor neuron ... bladder and rectal reflex ... Syndromes #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
Causes of spinal ... • Extrinsic Causes ... - Lower motor neuron ... involved) - Tendon reflex ... in deep tendon reflexes
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... diffuse light reflex ... BRB breakdown causes ... disc arterioles causes ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Alzheimer's (99% of cases ... Alzheimer's (1% of cases ... seizure, primitive reflexes ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology
Brudzinski’s Sign in Meningitis (first described in 19th century by Dr. Josef Brudzinski)

Brudzinski's sign is characterized
Passive neck flexion causes ... While the pathophysiology ... an involuntary reflex
►