422 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... inner retinal nerve ... optic nerve swelling ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Hard Exudates • Nerve ... more superficial nerve ... retinal ischemia causes ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
• Significant cause ... most frequent cause ... leads to optic nerve ... ClosedAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Neuro-OphthaImoIogy - Visual Field Defects - Localization Map
 - Optic Nerve Lesion (Monocular vision loss)
 -
Neuro-OphthaImoIogy ... Map - Optic Nerve ... • Optic nerve ... Diagnosis #Anatomy #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Unilateral Acute Vision Loss - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Painful - Cornea
 • Keratopathy
Painful - No Abnormalities of
Abnormalities of the Optic Nerve ... Abnormalities of the Optic Nerve ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology
Bell's Palsy
Bell’s Palsy is a damage, acute weakness, or paralysis of the Facial nerve (7th CN),
of the Facial nerve ... an identifiable cause ... when the facial nerve ... The cause is unknown ... neurology #anatomy #pathophysiology
Localizing Extraocular Movement Disorders
 • CN Ill (Oculomotor) Nerve Palsy 
 • CN IV (Trochlear) Nerve
Ill (Oculomotor) Nerve ... IV (Trochlear) Nerve ... VI (Abducens) Nerve ... Skew Deviation Casey ... #Localization #ophthalmology
Pathological Optic Disc Cupping

Note cup-to-disc ratio at least 0.8 (physiologic limit of 0.5).

Thinning of optic disc
Usual cause is glaucoma ... Glaucoma causes ... death of optic nerve ... Cupping #fundoscopy #ophthalmology
Convergence Retraction Nystagmus with a left 6th nerve palsy

Caused by a Midbrain hemorrhage

Dr. Boby Varkey Maramattom
with a left 6th nerve ... palsy Caused ... video #neurology #ophthalmology
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
a mass as the cause ... Horizontal (Cranial Nerve ... Trauma Cranial Nerve ... Trauma Cranial Nerve ... #Ophthalmology