9 results
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
- Cushing's syndrome ... - DI, Central Dl ... Gestational DI, Nephrogenic ... , Loop diuretics ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... • Osmotic diuresis ... • Central diabetes ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... #nephrology #sodium
The HINTS Exam - Differentiating Central vs Peripheral Vertigo

Head Impulse Test
Nystagmus
Test of Skew

Animation by Dr. Y.
Head Impulse Test ... Nystagmus Test ... Jay Lin @JayLin3455 ... #HINTS #Exam #PhysicalExam ... #Neurology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... Diabetes insipidus (central ... or nephrogenic) ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
HINTS Exam - Abnormal Test of Skew (Abnormal Vertical Skew)

In a patient with vertigo symptoms, this
Exam - Abnormal Test ... cause of vertigo ... #HINTS #PhysicalExam ... Clinical #Video #Neurology ... #Vertigo #Central
HINTS Exam - Normal Head Impulse Test = Central Cause

This patient as a normal head impulse
= Central Cause ... cause of vertigo ... #HINTS #PhysicalExam ... Clinical #Video #Neurology ... #Vertigo #Central
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Hyponatremia ... Kidney stones caused ... Desmopressin (DDAVP) • Central ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... /min) Osmotic Diuresis ... response • Central ... Kidney • Nephrogenic ... #Polyuria #Nephrology
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework

HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES:
Hyperviscosity Syndrome:
 • Spontaneous bleeding
 • Shortness of breath
Hyperviscosity Syndrome ... • Early death Neutropenic ... • Dyspnea at rest ... Progressive decline in mental ... coma SIADH: • Hyponatremia