12 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... perspiration Renal ... Osmotic diuresis • Central ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... #nephrology #sodium
HINTS Exam - Abnormal Test of Skew (Abnormal Vertical Skew)

In a patient with vertigo symptoms, this
Test of Skew (Abnormal ... cause of vertigo ... #HINTS #PhysicalExam ... Clinical #Video #Neurology ... #Vertigo #Central
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... Diabetes insipidus (central ... or nephrogenic) ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
HINTS Exam - Normal Head Impulse Test = Central Cause

This patient as a normal head impulse
Head Impulse Test ... = Central Cause ... cause of vertigo ... #HINTS #PhysicalExam ... Clinical #Video #Neurology
The head impulse test (HIT) result is positive (abnormal) in nearly all patients with a peripheral
The head impulse test ... result is positive (abnormal ... cause of AVS. ... #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam ... #Neurology #AVS
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... Recovery from Acute Renal ... response • Central ... #Polyuria #Nephrology ... #Causes
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Weakness, fatigue, nausea ... , hypotension, hyponatremia ... ACTH) stimulation test ... insufficiency • Low or normal
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Polydipsia • Central ... Insipidus • Nephrogenic ... Dl • Chronic Renal ... #causes #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... of hypotonic hyponatremia ... remember than the normal ... volume-based algorithm ... table #sodium #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
nephrotic syndrome • Hyponatremia ... Kidney stones caused ... Desmopressin (DDAVP) • Central ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology