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diagnosis differential management hyponatremia nephrology symptoms clinical disease endocrinology neurology pathology workup 3 abdominal abnormal addisons adrenal arteritis atlas autoimmune
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup Step #1 - Consider the history Step #2 - Assess
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Workup Step #1 ... history Step #2 ... & desmopressin test ... #Sodium #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... renal mechanism 2) ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... #nephrology #sodium
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... : Most Common Causes ... Adrenals: • Lung cancer ... Hypoparathyroidism - Type 1 ... : - Check sodium
Hyponatremia - Diagnostic Evaluation Algorithm Step 1: Consider whether Posm may actually be normal or elevated Step 2:
Evaluation Algorithm ... Step 1: Consider ... elevated Step 2: ... Consider additional tests ... considered likely, the cause
Hypertonic Saline for Treatment of Hyponatremic Encephalopathy 1) 100 ml bolus of 3% NaCl over 10 min.
Encephalopathy 1) ... L in the first 1- ... sodium should be ... urine output for signs ... management #protocol #hyponatremia
Dermatological semiology of Cutaneous Vasculitis Clinicopathologic correlations • Purpura, papules, pustules, necrosis: involvement of small vessels
Identification of causes ... EGPA • Solid cancers ... • Infections (1- ... 2%) • Other: IBD ... dermatology #semiology #signs
Whipple Disease (Tropheryma whipplei) - Diagnosis and Management Caused by: Tropheryma whipplei Symptoms and Signs: 1. Migratory poly/oligoarthralgia
Management Caused ... Symptoms and Signs ... : 1. ... oligoarthralgia (80%) 2. ... Disease #diagnosis #algorithm
Romberg's Test for Proprioception History: First described in the 19th century in patients with tabes dorsalis (later
(Romberg's sign ... to perform: 1) ... with eyes open 2) ... Observe when patient closes ... proprioception #physicalexam
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... → Syncope • Signs ... encephalopathy) 2.
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) Giant cell arteritis (GCA) definition: Most common systemic inflammatory vasculitis in older adults
Involves large and medium ... systemic sx + signs ... the “Chewing gum test ... Start steroids if concern ... GCA #Temporal #Signs
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