12 results
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Workup Step #1 ... history Step #2 ... Uglucose Step #3 ... & desmopressin test ... #Sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnostic Evaluation Algorithm

Step 1: Consider whether Posm may actually be normal or elevated
Step 2:
Step 1: Consider ... elevated Step 2: ... Gravity Step 3: ... Consider additional tests ... considered likely, the cause
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... : Most Common Causes ... Adrenals: • Lung cancer ... Hypoparathyroidism - Type 1 ... Serum cortisol < 3
Hypertonic Saline for Treatment of Hyponatremic Encephalopathy
1) 100 ml bolus of 3% NaCl over 10 min.
Encephalopathy 1) ... L in the first 1- ... sodium should be ... urine output for signs ... management #protocol #hyponatremia
Dermatological semiology of Cutaneous Vasculitis 

Clinicopathologic correlations
 • Purpura, papules, pustules, necrosis: involvement of small vessels
Identification of causes ... EGPA • Solid cancers ... • Infections (1- ... 2%) • Other: IBD ... dermatology #semiology #signs
Whipple Disease (Tropheryma whipplei) - Diagnosis and Management 

Caused by: Tropheryma whipplei

Symptoms and Signs:
1. Migratory poly/oligoarthralgia
Management Caused ... Symptoms and Signs ... : 1. ... oligoarthralgia (80%) 2. ... Weight loss (90%) 3.
Romberg's Test for Proprioception
History: First described in the 19th century in patients with tabes dorsalis (later
(Romberg's sign ... to perform: 1) ... with eyes open 2) ... the eyes 3) Observe ... proprioception #physicalexam
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... → Syncope • Signs ... encephalopathy) 2. ... , ARDS, DIC) 3.
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) definition: Most common systemic inflammatory vasculitis in older adults
systemic sx + signs ... the “Chewing gum test ... 3 minutes of gum ... 3 years. ... GCA #Temporal #Signs
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
disturbance, psychosis 3) ... is decreased), hypernatremia ... dexamethasone suppression test ... ACTH levels 3) ... Hypercortisolism #Diagnosis #signs