8 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... renal mechanism 2) ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... #nephrology #sodium
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... illness → Hypernatremia ... Multi-system illness: 1. ... encephalopathy) 2.
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... +K / serum Na >1 ... renal perfusion (Heart ... #nephrology
Orthopedic Emergencies
Compartment Syndrome
 • An increase in compartment pressure to the point where tissue perfusion is
at level of the heart ... the level of the heart ... usually appear in 1- ... • Management: 1. ... Spinal shock vs Neurogenic
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
should be done): 1. ... or papilledema, heart ... and metabolic alkalosis ... • Other: 1. ... parenchymal disease: CKD
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
Causes: 1. ... Spinal injuries 2. ... dysfunction • Abnormal reflexes ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology ... differential #algorithm
Algorithm for Diagnosis and Management of Resistant Hypertension in CKD
Pseudoresistant Hypertension - Reduce barriers to adherence:
Algorithm for Diagnosis ... Modifications • Low sodium ... Hypertension 1. ... Consider other causes ... mineralocorticoid antagonist →Refer
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm in Cancer
UOsm ≥ 100 mOsm/kg = Urine is inappropriately concentrated for hypotonic
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... CAR-T- and IL-2- ... chemotherapy, nausea ... adrenalitis; PD-1