10 results
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm ... Periodic paralysis Alkalosis ... Metabolic alkalosis ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... renal mechanism 2) ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... #nephrology #sodium
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Volume Depleted - 2° ... Volume Expanded - 1° ... #Nephrology #Causes
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Interpretation: 1. ... 2. ... mmol/L Step 1 ... of Metabolic Alkalosis ... lung disease (COPD
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... • Labs: - Metabolic ... encephalopathy) 2.
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
Causes: 1. ... Spinal injuries 2. ... Toxic Metabolic: ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology ... differential #algorithm
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Volume Depleted - 2° ... Syndrome Euvolemic* - 1° ... #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
should be done): 1. ... hypokalemia and metabolic ... alkalosis. 7. ... • Other: 1. ... parenchymal disease: CKD
Algorithm for Diagnosis and Management of Resistant Hypertension in CKD
Pseudoresistant Hypertension - Reduce barriers to adherence:
Algorithm for Diagnosis ... Modifications • Low sodium ... Hypertension 1. ... Consider other causes ... mineralocorticoid antagonist →Refer
Malignant Hyperthermia Crisis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Unexplained increase in ETCO2 AND tachycardia AND increased
other, more common causes ... (see 2-8 Peri-operative ... boluses 10 ml.kg-1 ... monitoring of: core ... hyperventilate, sodium