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diagnosis management nephrology treatment causes sodium cord hyperkalemia potassium spinalcord syndrome amyotrophic autoimmune barre cauda caudaequina clinical comatose dislocation disorders
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
urine osm (in DI; high ... water unavailable 2) ... Diabetes Insipidus: neurogenic ... can also be complex ... ([Na] / 140) - 1)
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... water retention 1) ... Serum Osmolarity 2) ... Acid → SIADH - High ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... renal mechanism 2) ... #nephrology #sodium
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview Cauda Equina Syndrome: • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr •
• Prevalence: 1: ... constipation Differential ... and posterior thigh ... Equina #syndrome #differential ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
involves: (1) ... the limbs; (2) ... Increased Jaw Jerk reflex ... conditions listed in differential ... #Sclerosis #neurology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework Spinal cord neurological lesion: Clinical findings: • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential ... injuries 2. ... dysfunction • Abnormal reflexes ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology ... #algorithm
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
result in permanent neurologic ... sensation usually 1 ... to 2 levels below ... in deep tendon reflexes ... syndromes #lesions #differential
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient Definition: • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
consciousness Differential ... Comatose Patient 1. ... safe to stop 2. ... Anisocoria + Coma → high ... #PhysicalExam #neurology
Orthopedic Emergencies Compartment Syndrome • An increase in compartment pressure to the point where tissue perfusion is
- Remove all ... usually appear in 1- ... • Management: 1. ... Diagnosis: requires a high ... vs Neurogenic Shock
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia: • CKD ... Increased K Intake: 1. ... Medications 2. ... • Vegetables: spinach ... #nephrology
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