9 results
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Cushing's syndrome, Primary ... DI, Nephrogenic ... - Renal hypovolemic ... Classification #Features #Diagnosis ... #Comparison #Table
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Workup Step #1 ... #Management #Algorithm ... #Sodium #nephrology ... #insipidus #DI
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Diagnosis is primarily ... urine osm (in DI ... Diabetes Insipidus: neurogenic ... #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm 1) ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... , Ingestion Renal ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
+K / serum Na >1 ... Sodium loss (diuretics ... water intake (Primary ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium
Shock and Vasoactive Drugs 
1) Determine type and etiology of shock
 • Distributive: Sepsis, Anaphylaxis, Neurogenic
Vasoactive Drugs 1) ... , Anaphylaxis, Neurogenic ... vasoactive drug pharmacology ... #inopressors #diagnosis ... #management #comparison
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... irrigation • Management ... kidney disease • Primary ... insipidus • Primary ... Diuresis #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Epidemiology: • F > M: 9:1 ... Distal (Type I) renal ... DI Hematologic ... lubricants • Pharmacologic ... #Management
Refractory Ascites - Ascites that cannot be mobilized or early recurrence that cannot be prevented
Diuretic Resistant:
sodium < intake ... both for at least 1 ... complications: • Renal ... Refractory #Ascites #diagnosis ... #management #algorithm