41 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Inadequate ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Hyponatremia - Differential ... carcinoma of the lung ... hemorrhage) - Pulmonary ... Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Table

 • Step 1: Correct for hyperglycemia. Corrected Na = [(glucose - 100)/
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Table ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Table ... #nephrology #sodium
Upper lung zone preference is seen in:
- Inhaled particles: pneumoconiosis (silica or coal)
- Smoking related diseases
Upper lung zone ... edema #Diagnosis ... #Radiology #Pulmonary ... #HRCT #ChestCT ... #Differential #Table
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis GI losses ... Insensible losses Sodium ... Diagnosis #Table
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Workup ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Nail Clubbing - Mnemonic 
Cyanotic Heart Disease, Cystic Fibrosis
Lung Cancer, Lung abscess 
Ulcerative Colitis
Cystic Fibrosis Lung ... Endocarditis, Idiopathic Pulmonary ... Neurogenic Tumors ... Nails #Mnemonic #Differential ... #Causes #Diagnosis
Central distribution is seen in sarcoidosis and cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Peripheral distribution is mainly seen in cryptogenic
and cardiogenic pulmonary ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #HRCT ... #ChestCT #Differential ... #Table #Distribution
Figure 3 HRCT-LUS correlation in normal lung, pulmonary congestion, rheumatoid lung disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Notes: (A)
Figure 3 HRCT-LUS ... , pulmonary congestion ... #Clinical #Diagnosis ... #HRCT #POCUS #Lung ... #Correlation #Table
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Differential Diagnosis ... The differential ... Diagnosis is primarily ... Diabetes Insipidus: neurogenic ... management #nephrology #sodium