94 results
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... Hypocalcemia - Hyperkalemia
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... Insensible losses Sodium ... congenital disorders Nephrogenic ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... DrEricStrong #Hypernatremia
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
and Features of Hyponatremia ... Hypervolemic hypernatremia ... Normovolemic hyponatremia ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Diarrhea #Hyponatremia
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... administration #Hypernatremia ... Causes #nephrology #sodium
Electrolyte imbalances are common findings in many diseases. The kidney is a principally responsible organ for
@DharSaty #Hyponatremia ... #hypokalemia # ... hypophosphatemia #hypernatremia ... #hyperkalemia ... #hypercalcemia #
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia and Treatment
Membrane Stabilization
 - Calcium gluconate or chloride 
Redistribution
 - Insulin
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia ... Albuterol - Sodium ... Furosemide - Sodium ... Hemodialysis #Hyperkalemia
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
True Hyponatremia ... examination, check urine sodium ... acid: - Urine sodium ... and hypervolemic hyponatremia ... - Urine sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - ... Extrarenal Hypernatremia ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... MatthewHoMD #Hypernatremia ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia ... Sodium zirconium ... for hydrogen and sodium ... to moderate); hypokalemia ... • Mechanism: Sodium-K
Hyperkalemia Management
Membrane Stabilizers:
 • Calcium gluconate
Shifters:
 • Insulin + glucose
 • Albuterol
Excreters:
 • Furosemide
 • Sodium
Hyperkalemia Management ... Furosemide • Sodium ... bicarbonate • Sodium ... Medicine @ucsdim #Hyperkalemia