7 results
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
• Clarity Dipstick ... Acute Kidney Injury ... (AKI) FE Na < ... 1% Urine sodium ... #hematuria
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... - Classification ... tubular necrosis (causes ... obstruction) • Neurogenic ... #Acute #Kidney
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... dipstick, urine ... osmolarity If cause ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... imaging #Acute #Kidney
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... volume-based algorithm Urine ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... diagnosis #table #sodium
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Weakness - Dark urine ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... + myoglobin AKI ... nephrotoxicity to kidney
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... involvement: Muscles, Kidneys ... Rhabdomyolysis - AKI
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
multiplex • Hematuria ... tract, and often causes ... Polyarteritis Nodosa: - Kidneys ... Kidneys -> glomerulonephritis ... #rheumatology #classification