10 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
- CHF - Cirrhosis ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... - Acute and ... chronic kidney disease ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... - Classification ... tubular necrosis (causes ... obstruction) • Neurogenic ... #Kidney #Injury
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Diagnosis Algorithm ... treat underlying cause ... (CHF, cirrhosis ... , nephrotic syndrome ... diagnosis #nephrology #sodium
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Acute Kidney Injury ... Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ... Nephrolithiasis) • Neurogenic ... Diagnosis #nephrology #causes ... #algorithm
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute ... • Hyponatremia ... stones caused by ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... and euvolemic hyponatremia
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Alcohol MH/CCF ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vascular Causes ... vein: Budd-chiari syndrome ... , Congestion/CHF ... • Gilbert's syndrome
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Acute oliguric kidney ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... High #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... hepatitis, or acute ... • Caused by splanchnic ... Classification: ... • Urine sodium
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
forward flow to the kidneys ... coronary syndrome ... the determined cause ... #differential #algorithm ... #heartfailure #chf