11 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Workup ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... - Differential ... Insensible losses Sodium ... sensitivity in kidneys ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Primary and Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary (Essential) (95%) - Onset between age
- Differential ... taken at home, work ... excess (Cushing syndrome ... Secondary #HTN #Cardiology ... #Differential #
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Workup and Differential ... disturbance, or acute kidney ... White-coat syndrome ... #Workup #causes ... #Differential #
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... • Hyponatremia ... • Nephrogenic ... stones caused by ... and euvolemic hyponatremia
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Hypertension - ... Differential Diagnosis ... Oral sodium loading ... #Differential # ... #Screening #Workup
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
, Gitelman syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia • Hypertension ... the indicated causes ... the excretion of sodium ... Algorithm #nephrology #differential
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
3 questions to work ... the underlying cause ... demyelination syndrome ... #Differential # ... management #nephrology #sodium
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... involvement: Muscles, Kidneys
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework

HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES:
Hyperviscosity Syndrome:
 • Spontaneous bleeding
 • Shortness of breath
Emergencies - Differential ... • Early death Neutropenic ... heart sounds, hypotension ... coma SIADH: • Hyponatremia ... emergencies #oncology #differential