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diagnosis nephrology differential algorithm hyponatremia table adh aldosterone angiotensin diuretics ebv enuresis excretion high hypotonic hypovolemia low medications nocturnal osmolality
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... • Osmotic diuresis ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
> 100): - RAAS ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... - RAAS OFF ... , Medications (diuretics ... Algorithm #diagnosis #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... alone in SIADH RAAS ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... ) RAAS Active (or ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome
Causes of Enuresis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Primary Nocturnal Enuresis (Urinary Control Never Achieved) • Delayed Maturation
Causes of Enuresis ... Cerebral Palsy, Neurogenic ... : • Pediatric ... (Hinman Syndrome ... #Peds #Pediatrics
Here’s a review of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS) This is a very common pathway that clinicians should
while retaining sodium ... , which causes increased ... because of the sodium ... potassium-sparing diuretic ... #Pharmacology #
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Hyponatremia ... • Nephrogenic ... Kidney stones caused ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
Hyponatremia (<135 ... the hyponatremia ... release of anti-diuretic ... activation of RAAS ... #RAAS #Hypovolemia
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... • Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Algorithm #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
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