31 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... • Euvolemic (Low ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
Differential Algorithm ... low, uric acid ... - Urine sodium ... and uric acid low ... #Differential #Algorithm
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Uric Acid - Low ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low #uricacid
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Unprovoked Pediatric Seizures -  Epilepsy Syndromes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Infantile:
 • Benign
Unprovoked Pediatric Seizures ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Epilepsy #Unprovoked #Seizures ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Peds #
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... • nephrotic syndrome ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm
Causes of Enuresis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Nocturnal Enuresis (Urinary Control Never Achieved)
 • Delayed Maturation
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cerebral Palsy, Neurogenic ... Bladder, Seizure ... (Hinman Syndrome ... #Causes #Peds #
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Diagnostic Approach to Hyponatremia
Box A:
 • Normo/hyperosmolar Hyponatremia: Glucose, Mannitol, Glycine, Contrast media, Maltose
 • Pseudohyponatremia:
Diagnostic Approach to Hyponatremia ... Normo/hyperosmolar Hyponatremia ... 8, Somnolence, Seizures ... Primary Polydipsia, Low ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm