11 results
diagnosis differential algorithm causes hypokalemia alkalosis chloride lactate potassium urinary anticoagulation citrate classification criticalcare defects elevation epithelial heat heatstroke illness
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
intake • Metabolic ... acidosis: Gl tract ... acidosis: Proximal ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... ketoacidosis • D-lactic ... the excretion of sodium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... acidosis: Chronic ... ketoacidosis, D-lactic
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Renal tubular acidosis ... tachycardia • Seizures ... #nephrology #management
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
ascending limb Gitelman ... cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... renal tubular acidosis ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Euvolemic (Low ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework Type A: Impaired O2 Delivery (DO2) • Decreased O2 Delivery: Hypotension
Lactic Acidosis ... Ischemia, Compartment Syndrome ... Hypothermia & Shivering, Seizures ... toxic alcohols, Sodium ... Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
consumption • Low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... acidosis: Proximal ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... • Labs: - Metabolic ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
impairment of cellular metabolism ... sweat) - its metabolism ... Heavy exercise - Seizures ... LV failure - Low ... - Compartment syndrome
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