16 results
diagnosis differential algorithm causes hyponatremia lactate management table acute alkalosis anticoagulation chloride citrate classification criticalcare diuresis diuretics elevation epilepticus excretion
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... ketoacidosis • D-lactic ... the excretion of sodium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Euvolemic (Low ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Clinical manifestations of acute liver failure Brain: Hepatic encephalopathy, Cerebral edema, Intracranial hypertension,
hypertension, Seizures ... Liver: Loss of metabolic ... Coagulopathy, Lactic ... acidosis Systemic ... expenditure Heart
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
: Hypovolemia, Heart ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... Algorithm #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... illness → Hypernatremia ... • Labs: - Metabolic ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
Hypothyroidism, Low ... Urine Na < 20: Heart ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... algorithm #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework Type A: Impaired O2 Delivery (DO2) • Decreased O2 Delivery: Hypotension
Lactic Acidosis ... Ischemia, Compartment Syndrome ... Hypothermia & Shivering, Seizures ... toxic alcohols, Sodium ... Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
: SIADH, Renal Sodium ... can be high or low ... renal perfusion (Heart ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #nephrology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
impairment of cellular metabolism ... sweat) - its metabolism ... Heavy exercise - Seizures ... LV failure - Low ... - Compartment syndrome
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... • Hyponatremia ... • Nephrogenic ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
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