22 results
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Insensible losses Sodium ... hypercalcemia - Chronic hypokalemia ... #Table #Causes
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
can be high or low ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis by Mechanism ... - Cirrhosis Syndrome ... #Table #Causes ... #Sodium
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
asymptomatic to seizures ... stimulated in states of low ... activated in states of low ... #hyponatremia #ADH ... #RAAS #Hypovolemia
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... renal tubular acidosis ... Kidney #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Differential #Table
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... majority of cases, ADH ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... management #nephrology #sodium
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis
Distal RTA is the true Nephrogenic RTA and can be truly divided into
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... RTA is the true Nephrogenic ... variants- the hypokalemic ... diseases(Sjogren's Syndrome ... #RTA #diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Renal tubular acidosis ... tachycardia • Seizures ... #diagnosis #nephrology