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diagnosis differential nephrology causes hyponatremia management rhabdomyolysis treatment algorithm gitelman heat heatstroke hypotonic hypovolemia illness osmolality pathophysiology physiologic potomania raas
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
: • ADH ON (UOsm ... ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... Algorithm #diagnosis #sodium
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis GI losses / Insensible losses Sodium Overload Transcellular Movement of Water Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... Insensible losses Sodium ... Insipidus (Decr ADH ... hypercalcemia - Chronic hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
: SIADH, Renal Sodium ... can be high or low ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
asymptomatic to seizures ... stimulated in states of low ... #hyponatremia #ADH ... #RAAS #Hypovolemia ... #EBV #potomania
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
majority of cases, ADH ... volume status (EABV ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... management #nephrology #sodium
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Renal tubular acidosis ... tachycardia • Seizures
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... consciousness, Coma/seizure ... - Hyperkalemia
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... exertion/training - Seizures ... Aldolase ↑ • LDH ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... per day until stable
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rhabdomyolysis = Destruction of skeletal muscle with leakage of contents into circulation.
Strenuous exercise, Seizures ... Coxsackie virus, EBV ... Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ... Electrolytes: Hypokalemia ... Causes #nephrology #table
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