9 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary ... - Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... ketoacidosis, D-lactic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... ketoacidosis • D-lactic ... the indicated causes
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... water intake (Primary ... differential #diagnosis #table
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Hyponatremia - Differential ... - Cirrhosis Syndrome ... renal failure - Primary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Elevation, Lactic ... circulation If drugs, seizures ... Heavy exercise - Seizures ... LV failure - Low ... - Compartment syndrome
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... consciousness, Coma/seizure ... Possible DIC - Mild lactic
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Hyponatremia ... • Nephrogenic ... Kidney stones caused ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Medications #Table
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies

Neutropenic fever:
- Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
Emergencies Neutropenic ... acid, high LDH, low ... Treat underlying cause ... Lower-extremity weakness, urinary ... consciousness, seizures
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Acidosis B. ... Primary adrenal ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... antiphospholipid syndrome