11 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Euvolemic (Low ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
and Treatment ... Treatment: Treatment ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... management #nephrology #sodium
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... exertion/training - Seizures ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... or compartment syndrome ... Treatment:
Congenital Long QT Syndrome: Illness Script

Who?
 - Kids or young adults, usually < 30
 - high
Congenital Long QT Syndrome ... - Syncope - Seizure ... imbalances (especially low ... family history) Treatment ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Management Principles
Prerenal - Correct hemodynamic derangements:
 • If low preload →
Acute Kidney Injury ... derangements: • If low ... Diuretics • If low ... • Hepatorenal syndrome ... ureteral stent(s) • Neurogenic
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
respiratory distress syndrome ... /eclampsia • Neurogenic ... Traumatic brain injury ... cerebral hemorrhage, seizure ... differential #diagnosis #cardiology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... sweat Heat Injury ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Chronic Hypertension:
 • Guidelines as SBP ≥130 or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg
 •
evidence of organ injury ... : Tonic-clonic seizure ... patients • HELLP: Syndrome ... liver enzymes, Low ... htn #obstetrics #cardiology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
liver or renal injury ... before beginning treatment ... Heavy exercise - Seizures ... LV failure - Low ... - Compartment syndrome
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies

Neutropenic fever:
- Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
Emergencies Neutropenic ... acid, high LDH, low ... high d-dimer, low ... interventional radiology ... consciousness, seizures