8 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Euvolemic (Low ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
• A lack of acute ... respiratory distress syndrome ... /eclampsia • Neurogenic ... cerebral hemorrhage, seizure ... differential #diagnosis #cardiology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute ... pulmonary edema ... • Hyponatremia ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Tachypnea, - Low-grade ... and diffuse Neurogenic ... Traumatic brain injury ... hemorrhage, and seizure ... nervous system injury
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Chronic Hypertension:
 • Guidelines as SBP ≥130 or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg
 •
doubling of Cr), pulmonary ... : Tonic-clonic seizure ... patients • HELLP: Syndrome ... liver enzymes, Low ... htn #obstetrics #cardiology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
liver or renal injury ... LV failure - Low ... pulmonary edema ... - Compartment syndrome ... peritonitis - Acute
Causes of ST Segment Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Framework

STEMI:
 • Upsloping convex STE: "Pardee's sign" +
QRS complex Pulmonary ... Tower sign) and low-amplitude ... weeks following an acute ... dissection • Sodium-channel ... differential #diagnosis #cardiology
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies

Neutropenic fever:
- Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
Emergencies Neutropenic ... acid, high LDH, low ... high d-dimer, low ... consciousness, seizures ... renal failure, pulmonary