9 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Euvolemic (Low ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Hyponatremia with Severe Symptoms - Management Algorithm with Hypertonic Saline
The goal of acute management is to
Hyponatremia with ... Saline The goal of acute ... probably not the low ... Na causing the seizure ... Hypertonic #Saline #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
: SIADH, Renal Sodium ... can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Framework and Management ... exertion/training - Seizures ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... per day until stable ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... Diagnosis #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Management Principles
Prerenal - Correct hemodynamic derangements:
 • If low preload →
Acute Kidney Injury ... (AKI) - Management ... Diuretics • If low ... • Hepatorenal syndrome ... ureteral stent(s) • Neurogenic
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
irrigation • Management ... Torsemide) • Acute ... • Hyponatremia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Shock Classification
Shock Definition: State of cellular and tissue hypoxia due to: reduced oxygen delivery, increased oxygen
infection • Neurogenic ... or spinal cord injury ... insufficiency, acute ... due to loss of sodium ... warm #wet #dry #table
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... tachycardia • Seizures ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology