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diagnosis management differential algorithm causes hyponatremia acidosis aki classification diuresis diuretics elevation excretion gitelman hypertonic hypokalemia kidney lactate lactic medications
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Euvolemic (Low ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Hyponatremia with Severe Symptoms - Management Algorithm with Hypertonic Saline The goal of acute management is to
Saline The goal of acute ... probably not the low ... Na causing the seizure ... Management #Algorithm #treatment ... Hypertonic #Saline #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Treatment: Treatment ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Management Principles Prerenal - Correct hemodynamic derangements: • If low preload →
Acute Kidney Injury ... derangements: • If low ... Diuretics • If low ... • Hepatorenal syndrome ... ureteral stent(s) • Neurogenic
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... exertion/training - Seizures ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... Treatment: ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute ... • Hyponatremia ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
liver or renal injury ... LV failure - Low ... cardiac output - Acute ... - Compartment syndrome ... peritonitis - Acute
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... tachycardia • Seizures ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... #diagnosis #nephrology
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