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diagnosis differential hyponatremia causes pediatrics management neurology workup dims epilepsy epilepticus heat heatstroke hypotonic illness mnemonic physiologic provoked seizure status
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... mechanism 2) Volume ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
Differential Algorithm ... in addition) of volume ... low, uric acid ... and uric acid low ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
Volume Based Approach ... to Hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... • nephrotic syndrome ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemic - Give volume Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hypovolemic - Give volume ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... , CNS Disease, Meds ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #sodium
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... solute intake, ... #sodium #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
algorithm Urine ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ADH Independent: • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tea and Toast Syndrome ... Beer Potomania - Low ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Unprovoked - Epilepsy: • Focal: Simple, Complex • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Traumatic brain injury ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... #Causes #neurology
Causes of Pediatric Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Infantile: • Benign Focal Epilepsy of Infancy • West
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypocalcemia • Hyponatremia ... Structural: • Head Injury ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Peds #
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