9 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
• Cauda Equina Syndrome ... - Low back pain ... saddle (perineal) anesthesia ... Commonly caused ... dysaesthesia, neurogenic
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
3 questions to work ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... Treatment #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #nephrology
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
involvement: Intractable nausea ... Other brainstem syndromes ... Encephalopathy with seizures ... deficits ranging from paresthesia ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology
Intraoperative Hypertension - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Hypertension is most commonly due to inappropriate depth of
Check fresh gas flow ... hypercarbia as causes ... overload / TURP syndrome ... intracranial pressure, seizure ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Algorithm #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
pain or spasm - legs ... Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... consciousness, Coma/seizure
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies

Neutropenic fever:
- Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
Emergencies Neutropenic ... full infectious work-up ... acid, high LDH, low ... Treat underlying cause ... consciousness, seizures