44 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... administration #Hypernatremia ... Causes #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... • nephrotic syndrome ... renal failure #Hypernatremia
Causes of Unprovoked Pediatric Seizures -  Epilepsy Syndromes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Infantile:
 • Benign
Unprovoked Pediatric Seizures ... - Epilepsy Syndromes ... • Dravet Syndrome ... Epilepsy #Unprovoked #Seizures ... Algorithm #Causes #Peds
Causes of Enuresis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Nocturnal Enuresis (Urinary Control Never Achieved)
 • Delayed Maturation
Cerebral Palsy, Neurogenic ... Bladder, Seizure ... Idiopathic • Non-neurogenic ... (Hinman Syndrome ... Algorithm #Causes #Peds
Causes of Pediatric Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Infantile:
 • Benign Focal Epilepsy of Infancy
 • West
Causes of Pediatric Seizures ... Infection: • Febrile Seizures ... Hypocalcemia • Hyponatremia ... Cataplexy #Seizures ... Algorithm #Causes #Peds
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia ... irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Algorithm #diagnosis #sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Hypernatremia - ... and Treatment Hypernatremia ... Diabetes Insipidus: neurogenic ... , nephrogenic 4 ... management #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... , CNS Disease, Meds ... UnremarkableLab #Hyponatremia ... diagnosis #nephrology #sodium
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... Insensible losses Sodium ... congenital disorders Nephrogenic ... DrEricStrong #Hypernatremia