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diagnosis differential nephrology algorithm management causes criticalcare lactate treatment acute alkalosis chloride classification defects elevation epithelial failure foamed framework gitelman
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... insipidus (central or nephrogenic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration. Step 2. Check plasma osmolality. NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... and Workup Step ... Repeat the sodium ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Workup
Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework Type A: Impaired O2 Delivery (DO2) • Decreased O2 Delivery: Hypotension
Lactic Acidosis ... Ischemia, Compartment Syndrome ... Hypothermia & Shivering, Seizures ... Beta-Agonists, ↑ work ... toxic alcohols, Sodium
Clinical manifestations of acute liver failure Brain: Hepatic encephalopathy, Cerebral edema, Intracranial hypertension,
hypertension, Seizures ... Hepatorenal syndrome ... Hepatoadrenal syndrome ... Coagulopathy, Lactic ... acidosis Systemic
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia ... Rhabdomyolysis, Tumor lysis syndrome ... Transcellular Shift: • Lactic ... acidosis, DKA ... Diagnosis #Framework #Workup
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter Bartter
cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... renal tubular acidosis ... exchanger,H+-ATPase Nephrogenic ... -2 deficiency Nephrogenic
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... ketoacidosis • D-lactic ... settings, the urine sodium ... the excretion of sodium
Tachypnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework Definitions • Tachypnea: Respiratory rate > 20/min, shallow breathing in adults •
• Metabolic acidosis ... exposures • Lactic ... acidosis of any ... Post-Ictal/Grand mal seizure ... Inflammation • Central neurogenic
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... conditions - Neurogenic ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... consciousness, Coma/seizure ... Possible DIC - Mild lactic
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... 3 questions to work ... demyelination syndrome ... of symptomatic (seizures ... management #nephrology #sodium
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