88 results
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
mechanical loading => Bone ... strain => Bone ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Chvostek's Sign - Physical Exam - Hypocalcemia

Chvostek's sign is described as the twitching of facial muscles
Chvostek's Sign ... Chvostek's sign ... absent in about one ... #PhysicalExam # ... Hypocalcemia #Video
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
tenderness • Positive one-legged ... XR — scotty dog sign ... MSK #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Retinoblastoma Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Brudzinski's sign is a physically demonstrable symptom of meningitis. It is characterized by reflexive flexion of
Brudzinski's sign ... physically demonstrable symptom ... #Brudzinskis #sign ... #clinical #video ... neurology #meningitis #physicalexam
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... : Commonly no signs ... easily/weakness, Bone ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
cases Clinical Signs ... back pain - Symptoms ... years - May have signs ... /symptoms of active ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology
Gaucher Disease 

Pathophsiology
 • Lysosomal storage disorder
 • Deficiency of ß-glucocerebrosidase
• Accumulation of glucosylceramide in macrophages
Diagnosis
Gaucher Disease Pathophsiology ... Osteonecrosis, bone ... Disease #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
tear a portion of bone ... onto lateral hip Signs ... /Symptoms/Complications ... msk #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms