11 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Causes
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
excrete water normally ... the underlying cause ... of symptomatic (seizures ... #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Hyponatremia with Severe Symptoms - Management Algorithm with Hypertonic Saline
The goal of acute management is to
Hyponatremia with ... probably not the low ... Na causing the seizure ... #treatment #Hypertonic ... #Saline #nephrology
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Weakness, fatigue, nausea ... , hypotension, hyponatremia ... insufficiency • Low ... or normal baseline ... #endocrinology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... remember than the normal ... volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... #nephrology
Management of Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125
Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... improving adequately Normal ... SIADH — look for cause ... #Management #algorithm ... #treatment #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Management of SIADH
Treat underlying cause:
 • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
: • Causes can ... promoting passive sodium ... the colon 0.9% Normal ... SIADH #Management #hyponatremia ... #nephrology #treatment
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... /low blood pressure ... the indicated causes ... the excretion of sodium ... #nephrology #differential
Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) and Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology
ICH Management:
1. Manage Blood Pressure
  •
lidocaine, +/- pre-treatment ... Maintain Normals ... Manage ICP and Seizures ... Physiology: CO2: • Low ... = dilated BV = raises