19 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Phosphate Physical Symptoms ... Excessive urination, Abdominal ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
clinical findings Abnormal ... StressFractures #msk ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Proximal Weakness, Normal ... hydroxychloroquine therapy), Normal ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... Complications #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Radiculopathy: Signs and Symptoms
 • Back/Neck Pain
 • Decr Range of motion
 • Abnormal posturing
 •
Radiculopathy: Signs and Symptoms ... of motion • Abnormal ... Radiculopathy #MSK ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms ... #pathophysiology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
spine Signs / Symptoms ... Areflexia (loss of normal ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
to be falsely normal ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... resting HR) • Abdominal ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hypothyroid Myopathy
Very common (up to 80% ) in patients with hypothyroidism
Pathophysiology:
 • T4 deficiency leads to
hypothyroidism Pathophysiology ... deficiency leads to abnormal ... Hypothyroid #Myopathy #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
from any source; oral ... Constipation - MSK ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Lymphomas and Lymphoproliferative Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hodgkin Lymphoma ~40% - Characteristic For Reed-Sternberg (RS) Cells
can have extra nodal ... pattern of spread, B symptoms ... Amy Chung, MD, MSc ... Classification #pathophysiology
Acromegaly - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook 

Clinical Presentation: 
 • Classic Acromegaly: frontal
malignancy Pathophysiology ... peripheral (bronchial/abdominal ... IGF-1 equivocal: Oral ... Diagnosis #Management #Endocrinology ... #Treatment #Pathophysiology