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diagnosis differential management nephrology signs causes algorithm low potassium secondary treatment barre guillain msk psychiatry 21hydroxylasedeficiency 21ohd acute adrenal anorexianervosa
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
life threatening complications ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... consumption • Low/Normal ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... secreting tumor, Primary ... @priti899 #Hypokalemia ... potassium #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... High Al, Low R - Primary ... Hyperplasia • Normal ... Al, Normal R - ... #Hypokalemia #
Cauda Equina Syndrome Causes: • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central) • Severe lumbar spondylosis • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... / Complications ... Areflexia (loss of normal ... reflexes) • Urinary ... #MSK #pathophysiology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Bladder retention -> Primarily ... hemicord lesion -> Primarily ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics #neurology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
wasting crisis & hyperkalemia ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... : • Hyperkalemia ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
to be falsely normal ... To prevent hypokalemia ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Inherited (AR) hypokalemic ... Metabolic alkalosis • Normal ... diarrhea Potential Complications ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... : • Triad of symptoms ... urine • Other symptoms ... HAGMA • Late complication ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview What Is It? • Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Refeeding Syndrome ... severe clinical complications ... overload) Other Symptoms ... deficiency • Primary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
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