7 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
NORMAL PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... Assess volume status ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... consciousness • No access ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Causes
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
is usually caused ... excrete water normally ... Assess volume status ... include vaptans (HF ... Treatment #management #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... remember than the normal ... volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... table #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... Alcohol MH/CCF ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Causes of Cystic Renal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign - Anechoic on ultrasound, Well-demarcated on ultrasound/CT,
Causes of Cystic ... history of ADPKD, Normal ... Carcinoma - Abscess ... Cystic #RenalMass #Nephrology ... #Causes
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
mental status and low ... importantly, bedside ultrasound ... the determined cause ... #differential #algorithm ... #heartfailure #chf