13 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... tubular acidosis ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Losses - Impaired tubular ... Hypomagnesemia • Barrter's/Gitelman's ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Renal acidosis ... Potassium-sparing ... #NonGap #Metabolic ... #Acidosis #differential ... #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Diagnosis ECF ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... other • Severe potassium ... #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Diagnosis Framework ... Chloride Intoxication ... Tubular Acidosis ... #Metabolic #NAGMA ... #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
ascending limb Gitelman ... tubular acidosis ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Table
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... acidosis: Proximal ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Diagnosis Algorithm ... tubular acidosis ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium