13 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... Metabolic acidosis ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... gap metabolic acidosis ... of sodium and potassium ... #differential #diagnosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... metabolic acidosis ... diarrhea, Kidney tubular ... gap metabolic acidosis
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Losses - Impaired tubular ... Hypomagnesemia • Barrter's/Gitelman's ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Cystinuria - Amino acid ... ascending limb Gitelman ... tubular acidosis ... #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Table
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Metabolic Acidosis ... Renal acidosis ... Potassium-sparing ... #NonGap #Metabolic ... #diagnosis #causes
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... , Renal tubular ... acidosis (RTA)) ... #Syndrome #diagnosis
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential Diagnosis ... tubular acidosis ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... #potassium
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... - Differential Diagnosis ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... tubular acidosis ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... , Gitelman syndrome ... acidosis: Proximal ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low