11 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
: • Normal Acid-Base ... Metabolic acidosis ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... metabolic acidosis ... tubular acidosis ... • Anion gap metabolic
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
, Gitelman syndrome ... tubular acidosis ... tubular acidosis ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
starts by measuring urinary ... tubular acidosis ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... , glycyrrhizic acid ... #potassium
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Cystinuria - Amino acid ... tubular acidosis ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Differential # ... Table
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... suggests extra-renal ... , Gitelman syndrome ... acidosis: Proximal ... #potassium #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Metabolic Acidosis ... Renal acidosis ... Potassium-sparing ... #NonGap #Metabolic ... #Acidosis #differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... , Renal tubular ... acidosis (RTA)) ... #Syndrome #diagnosis
Metabolic Causes of Kidney Stones in Children
 • Calcium Oxalate: Primary Hyperoxaluria type 1-3, Secondary Hyperoxaluria
type A/B • Uric Acid ... Tubular Acidosis ... type 1-4, Lowe ... Syndrome (Oculo-Cerebro-Renal ... diagnosis
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Diagnosis ECF ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... other • Severe potassium ... #nephrology