10 results
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Hypovolemia ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Sodium loss (diuretics ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Saline (NS) - Comparison ... development of metabolic ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... Normal #Saline #NS #comparison ... #pharmacology #
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... infusions) - Metabolic ... fruits, Seaweed, Nuts ... #differential #diagnosis ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
: • Hypovolemia ... Syndrome, Chronic Renal ... Differential #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... infusions) - Metabolic ... fruits, Seaweed, Nuts ... #differential #diagnosis ... potassium #high #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... (renal potassium ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... Heat stroke - Metabolic ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Citrate Anticoagulation Toxicity

Hypernatremia (HyperNa):
 - Citrate solutions may have ↑ sodium content and should be paired
Anticoagulation Toxicity Hypernatremia ... solutions may have ↑ sodium ... circulation → ↓Mg Hypocalcemia ... Toxicity #toxicology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #