21 results
Monoarthritis - Differential Diagnosis
Infection (Acute):
 - S. aureus (most common)
 - S. pneumonia
 - Salmonella (in
birefringent - CPPD ... Sarcoid - Erosive OA ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Low Alkaline Phosphatase ... Most cases diagnosed ... nephrocalcinosis • CPPD ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... Phosphatase: • Other causes
CPPD vs Gout

== CPPD == 

Think About CPPD When:
 • Self-limited synovitis after surgery/trauma (> 65
CPPD vs Gout ... == CPPD == Think ... About CPPD When ... disease states Pathophysiology ... : OA in atypical
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic ... Artery Disease • Stable ... • Asthma • COPD ... Pneumonia • ARDS • COPD ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
Heart Failure - Pathophysiology ... Disease - Especially COPD ... HeartFailure #CHF #Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis #cardiology #causes
Pseudogout: pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - Idiopathic (vast majority of cases) -> Mechanism unknown
 - Familial
vast majority of cases ... pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD ... and/or x-ray - CPPD ... Chondrocalcinosis #Pseudogout #CPPD ... Signs #Symptoms #Pathophysiology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
e.g. pneumonia, COPD ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) and Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology
ICH Management:
1. Manage Blood Pressure
  •
Pressure (ICP) - Pathophysiology ... but also reduces CPP ... = dilated BV = raises ... Target CPP 60. ... Pressure #ICP #Pathophysiology
Pseudogout Summary - Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease (CPPD)

Pathophysiology:
Pyrophosphate produced by chondrocytes likely precipitates with calcium to
Deposition Disease (CPPD ... ) Pathophysiology ... calcium to form CPP ... Asymptomatic CPPD ... OA in atypical
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... intralobular bile ducts causes ... PBC Labs: • Alkaline